John d



J. D. AVERE-"LL. Generator for Producing Oarbureted Water Gas. No. 226,472.

Patented April'13, 1880.

Inventor.

a/ I I N-PETERS. PHDTQUTHOGRAPHER. WA HIN I- UNITED STATES PATENT JOHN T). AVERELL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GENERATQR FOR PRODUCING CARBU RETED WATER-GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,472, dated April 13, 1880.

Application filed August 14, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN D. AVERELL, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Generators for Producing Garbureted Water-Gas, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to produce successfully the carbureted water-gas for illuminating and heating purposes in one continuous process instead of the alternate pro cess, to cause a more rapid production by a simpler apparatus, and to waste less material and lose less of the product than with the said alternate process.

The invention consists in a central generating-retort with a combined ash-pit and vapormixing chamber and grate on its bottom, an annular superheating-chamber around it, in combination with an oil-tank having an automatic oil-feed chamber, and with a steam-supply pipehavin g an oil-diffusing coil and screens and air and steam and oil vapor injectors discharging into said mixing-chamber and the said retort, so that by these means a simple, efibotive, and continuous process may be conducted to produce the carbureted water-gas from steam, coal, and petroleum and air.

In the drawing annexed, forming part of this specification, the figure represents a vertical central section of the generator and oilsupply tank connected therewith and constructed according to my invention.

The letter A indicates the generating-retort for the first generation, erected vertically, and having on its bottom end a grate, B, to retain the coal. Its sides are made of metal faced with clay or fire-brick, or it may be constructed entirely of fire-brick or clay and bound with iron bands and a rim over its top edge. Around this generating-retort is arranged an exterior chamber, 0, also lined with fire-brick or clay, having a suitable space between it and the retort. Both said retort and chamber are of cylindrical shape but they may be of a shape varying somewhat from it, whichever is found most advantageous. Said exterior chamber, 0, is for the purpose of superheating or regenerating the product from the retort A.

By'means of the plate or cap D both the chamber and retort are covered on their top ends, and a communicating opening, E, is made in the top end of the interior retort to pass said products overinto the space between said chamber 0 and the retort. Said products pass down in said space and around the outside of the retort, and find their outlet through the gas-main F near the bottom end of the chamber, at which end a proper metal ring, G, is employed to close said space between the outer and the inner retorts, and to rest the retort A upon; and the grate B is made with trunnions, so as to turn and allow the dumping of the burned coal, and said trunnions have their bearings in said ring G. In the aforementioned space are employed bunches of wire to cause friction of the passing gaseous product. The outside shell or metal side of the chamber 0 extends down and rests upon the bed-plate H, to which it is secured. Between the plate H and the grate B is a proper space allowed for an ash-pit to dump the burned coal and ashes when the grate is turned down, and said ashes are removed through the door J in the ash-pit.

The top of the chamber 0 has a flange, K, formed or riveted to it, upon which the cap D is bolted and cemented air-tight. Said cap D has two openings, L and M, of which the opening L is used to carry the smoke into the smoke-stack N from the retort whenever the fire is started, and the opening M has over it a gate, 0, and the hopper P, and extending downward from it is made a mouth-piece, M. In the hopper P is contained a supply of coal, which is therein held by the gate 0, until the charge in the retort is so much consumed as to require a new supply, so that by withdrawing the gate said supply is furnished and discharged in the retort. The mouthpiece M serves as a guide for the proper discharge from the gate into the retort.

The top of the hopper is sealed air-tight by means of the cap R and the hand-screw S, employed in the cross-bar T above said cap, and said cross-bar is held in opposite lugs,

which are slotted and furnished with pins through them and the bar, as shown. The gate 0 and the cap D have both fire-brick or clay lining to prevent undue heating. The chimney or smoke-stack N is furnished on its top end with a weighted valve, cover, or damper,

tort.

45 ings. are sealed.

U, to close it properly after the fire is well started.

V represents a small window made in the chamber 0 to observe the operation of the re- A similar one may be also provided near the grate B to observe the starting of the fire.

a represents the'oil-tank, which contains crude petroleum, and WV the steam-pipe, which is furnished with steam from a suitable boiler,

(not shown,) and said pipe W is furnished with a proper stop-valve, b. With this pipe meets the oil-pipe 0, having also a valve or faucet, d. The top of the tank a has a proper 1 screw-cap, V, which covers the opening through which the tank is supplied or filled.

To feed the oil automatically in proportion corresponding with the consumption, I employ in the lower part of the tank a small chamber,

26 X, into which passes an air-inlet, e, and in said chamber X is fitted a vertical hollow valve or cock, Y, the top of which is open for passage of the oil, the bottom of the same being closed and the outlet formed through the side at f, as shown, by having a corresponding opening in the seat with the opening in the valve, so that, while said openings are turned and set to meet, the oil is allowed to flow through said valve, but if turned away and 0 not meeting the flow is prevented. For filling the tank the said openings are set to stop the flow, and consequently the air is expelled through the screw cap. After filling said openings are set to meet, and the oil passes 5 into chamber X until the oil has risen in said chamber above the level of said openings, thereby sealing them and stopping the air from said chamber to replace the oil in the top of the tank, and consequently stopping 4.0 the flow of oil until sufficient oil has been conthrough a stuffing-box, g, on the top of the tank, and the rod or said arbor is furnished with the handle it on its top end.

By means of the steam stop-valve b and the faucet d for the oil the supply of steam and oil is properly adjusted.

At the connection of the steam and oil pipe is made a downward-bent elbow, i, protruding into -the steam-pipe, through which the oil discharges and is diffused by the contact with the steam. From the junction of the steam- ,pipe with the oil-pipe said steam-pipe continues downward, bent into a coil, W, at the end of which it discharges into a small chamber, j, in which several fine screens are contained, through which the oil and steam have to pass, thereby causing a secondary diffusion of the oil. The object of the coil W is to cause a friction and superior diffusion of the oil by the steam. From said chamber j the steam and oil vapor pass into a horizontal semicircular pipe, is, which is arranged around the rear side of the ash-pit, and to its opposite ends are attached the injectors or nozzles Z, which enter the ash-pit in an upward direction and discharge into the grate B. Said injectors or nozzles are made tapering and smaller on their discharge end.

Over each of the injectors is employed, with an annular taper space between, a cone-shaped injection-tube, Z, through which, by the rapid outflow of the steam, a supply of air is drawn in and is simultaneously discharged into the fire. To regulate said supply of air either the injection-tube Z is furnished with means for adjusting it longitudinally, with its mouth to or from the discharge end of the mouthpieces or injectors Z, or each of the tubes Z has on its large or inlet end a disk-seat and valve 1, as shown, of which both the seat and valve have corresponding inlets, so that by turning said valve the inlets are opened and closed, permitting the passage through them of either the full or proper diminished quantity of air.

The cover U or damper upon the top of the chimney is provided with a lever, m, which is pivoted to a lug, 0, secured on the chimney. The loose end of said lever has a rope or chain for operating the damper. By means of a weight on the damper the same is closed, and by means of the rope it is raised to open. The top of the chimney is made with a proper finished seat, into which the damper is fitted to close upon it air-tight when closed.

The generator or retort A is charged with kindling-wood and with small anthracite coal, of which a charge is also furnished in the hopper P. For starting the fire the damper Uon the chimney and the doorJ on the ash-pit are opened. After the fire is properly started said damper and door are closed and the steam- .pipe opened, admitting steam, carrying with it the diffused oil and injecting simultaneously the air with it into the fire, which causes the decomposition and theproduction of the-watergas, which is carbureted by the oil-vapors.

In passing from the retort through the opening E into the chamber 0 the product meets the wire bunches, and in passing down over the retort to the main outlet F said product is superheated and converted into permanent gas. It passes thereafter through the main F to the purifying apparatus in the usual way.

The chimney is shown short, but is made of sufficient height always to obtain the required draft.

Any suitable device is used for stirring up the coal and to rake the ashes from the fire.

I am aware that the process described in this application for the production of gas is not new, and I make no claim thereto. I am also aware that a gas-generator constructed with a central retort surrounded by a superheating chamber, from the lower part of which extends the eduction-pipe, and provided with a grate and ash-pit, is old; also, that valved feedhoppers have been used in connection with gas-generating furnaces; and also that injecting-pipes for supplying steam, oil, and air to gas-generators are old; and I therefore make no claim to these devices, broadly.

My improvement consists in the special construction and combination of parts hereinafter claimed.

What I claim as my invention is 1. ln generators for producing illuminating and heating gas from steam, coal, and petroleum, the combination of the generating-retort A, its superheating-chamber O, hopper P, and chimney or smoke-stack N, the ash-pit and mixing-chamber I, the grate B, and injectors Z, and the oil-tank V with the steam-pipe W and coil WV, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

2. The combination of the oil-tank V, its chamber X, and valve Y with the air-inlet c and thesteam-pipe W, the coil WV, and the oil-pipe c, with the retort A, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

3. The retort A, chamber 0, grate B, the ash-pit I, and injectors Z, in combination with the tank V, the steam-pipe \V, and the oil-pipe 0, having faucet d, the coil W, and the screens j, substantially as and for the purpose herein stated.

4. The combination of the retort A, its grate B, and the superheating annular chamber 0, provided with its friction devices described, the ash-pit I, with its door J, and the smokestack N, with its damper U, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

5. The combination and arrangement of the retort A, the chamber 0, its discharge-pipe F, and the hopper P and chimney N with the grate B, the ash-pit and mixing-chamber I, the injectors Z, with their valves 1, the screen j, coil W, and steam-pipe W, and oil tank V, substantially as and for the purpose herein mentioned.

6. The combination of the tank V, its chamber X, with its "alve Y, having holes f and the air-hole c, the steam-pipe W, the coil W, and the pipe 0 and faucets b and d, and the screens j, the injectors Z, with their air-pipes Z and valves 5, and the mixing-chamber I, the grate B, and retort A, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

JOHN D. AVERELL.

Witnesses G. BAUMGARTEN, R. BoEKLEN. 

